Portrait photography has been around since exposure times reduced from hours to minutes, and photographic lighting has been refined also, described as three-point lighting. Three functions (main light, fill light and back light) are addressed, no matter the number of actual light units, reflectors or available light used. How these three functions are addressed defines what lighting style is being used.
Broad Lighting
Broad lighting is defined by a main light at or near the axis between camera and subject. The main light provides illumination to most of a model's face and has the effect of adding width. This is a flattering light for people with narrow faces, as well as a logical choice for groups to provide the most even illumination. The fill light is in a similar position, usually the other side of the camera, and is close to the same strength as the main light.
Short Lighting
Short lighting is often applied for a more dramatic effect or for people with wide, round faces. This style is defined by the main light being well off the model/camera axis, up to 90 degrees or beyond, highlighting a very narrow section of the subject. The fill light still remains near the camera position but may vary in strength quite a bit, depending on the effect wanted.
Butterfly Lighting
Butterfly lighting is a variation on broad lighting, made popular by Hollywood photographers like George Hurrell. The main light again is on axis but is raised so the model's forehead is brightly illuminated. The style takes its name from a distinctive shadow often resembling a butterfly under the model's nose. The ratio of strength between main and fill lights changes to create different effects.
Rembrandt Lighting
Rembrandt lighting is also called 45-degree lighting, as the main light is at a position 45 degrees from the camera/model axis. This can be a broad light when the subject faces the main light or a short light when the subject faces away. It is defined by a triangle of light on the model's cheek on the side away from the main light.
Low and High Key
Each of the styles discussed above can be manipulated into either low or high key format. This refers to an overall darkness (low key) or lightness (high key) that the photograph takes. The format depends on the fill light and its strength compared to the main light and the intensity of the back light. High key requires a brightly lit background, while low key needs only enough to define subject from background.
Portrait photography has been around since exposure times reduced from hours to minutes, and photographic lighting has been refined also, described as three-point lighting. Three functions (main light, fill light and back light) are addressed, no matter the number of actual light units, reflectors or available light used. How these three functions are addressed defines what lighting style is being used.
Broad Lighting
Broad lighting is defined by a main light at or near the axis between camera and subject. The main light provides illumination to most of a model's face and has the effect of adding width. This is a flattering light for people with narrow faces, as well as a logical choice for groups to provide the most even illumination. The fill light is in a similar position, usually the other side of the camera, and is close to the same strength as the main light.
Short Lighting
Short lighting is often applied for a more dramatic effect or for people with wide, round faces. This style is defined by the main light being well off the model/camera axis, up to 90 degrees or beyond, highlighting a very narrow section of the subject. The fill light still remains near the camera position but may vary in strength quite a bit, depending on the effect wanted.
Butterfly Lighting
Butterfly lighting is a variation on broad lighting, made popular by Hollywood photographers like George Hurrell. The main light again is on axis but is raised so the model's forehead is brightly illuminated. The style takes its name from a distinctive shadow often resembling a butterfly under the model's nose. The ratio of strength between main and fill lights changes to create different effects.
Rembrandt Lighting
Rembrandt lighting is also called 45-degree lighting, as the main light is at a position 45 degrees from the camera/model axis. This can be a broad light when the subject faces the main light or a short light when the subject faces away. It is defined by a triangle of light on the model's cheek on the side away from the main light.
Low and High Key
Each of the styles discussed above can be manipulated into either low or high key format. This refers to an overall darkness (low key) or lightness (high key) that the photograph takes. The format depends on the fill light and its strength compared to the main light and the intensity of the back light. High key requires a brightly lit background, while low key needs only enough to define subject from background.
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