Making a photographic print is similar to exposing a negative. The correct print is dependent on the amount of light to reach the paper. This is determined by the time of exposure and the amount of light going through the enlarging lens.
Aperture
The aperture on a camera or enlarger lens sets the iris to determine the amount of light passing through it. It is a ring with engraved numbers. On an enlarger lens, the normal range is between f3.5 to f32. The f3.5 is wide open and f32 is the smallest.
Enlarger Lens
A rule of thumb for setting an enlarger lens is to close it down to the smallest f-stop. Open it two stops to make the print. In theory, the middle apertures produce a slightly sharper image. The largest and smallest may be slightly distorted.
Test Strip
A test strip will determine the time and aperture setting. Set the timer at 2 or 3 seconds. Put a small sheet of paper and cover it with a piece of cardboard. Move the cardboard to expose several strips on the paper such as 3 seconds and 6 seconds, up to 15 seconds.
Develop the Test Strip
Develop and fix the test strip for the recommended time. Examine the exposures to determine the time to develop a full sheet. If the test strip is too light, do another test with a wider aperture or increase the time. If the test strip is too dark, decrease the lens opening or decrease the time.
Making a photographic print is similar to exposing a negative. The correct print is dependent on the amount of light to reach the paper. This is determined by the time of exposure and the amount of light going through the enlarging lens.
Aperture
The aperture on a camera or enlarger lens sets the iris to determine the amount of light passing through it. It is a ring with engraved numbers. On an enlarger lens, the normal range is between f3.5 to f32. The f3.5 is wide open and f32 is the smallest.
Enlarger Lens
A rule of thumb for setting an enlarger lens is to close it down to the smallest f-stop. Open it two stops to make the print. In theory, the middle apertures produce a slightly sharper image. The largest and smallest may be slightly distorted.
Test Strip
A test strip will determine the time and aperture setting. Set the timer at 2 or 3 seconds. Put a small sheet of paper and cover it with a piece of cardboard. Move the cardboard to expose several strips on the paper such as 3 seconds and 6 seconds, up to 15 seconds.
Develop the Test Strip
Develop and fix the test strip for the recommended time. Examine the exposures to determine the time to develop a full sheet. If the test strip is too light, do another test with a wider aperture or increase the time. If the test strip is too dark, decrease the lens opening or decrease the time.
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