Taking pictures with a 35mm film camera can teach you a lot about how photography works. This knowledge and experience will come in handy even if you eventually decide to switch to a digital camera. Learn a few basic rules for 35mm photography before you begin shooting, and then take as many pictures as you can to keep learning from experience.
Basic Principles
The root word "photo" means light, and "graph" means written or writing. Thus, the word "photography" means writing with light. When you press your camera's shutter button to take a picture, the shutter opens inside the camera, allowing light to pass through the lens. Light reflects off of your subject, passes through the lens and exposes the light-sensitive film at the back of the camera, creating a latent image. When you process the film with developer, stop bath and fixer, you reveal the image on the negative and remove any remaining light sensitive silvers. You then can use the negative to make positive images, or prints.
Film Speeds
35mm film comes in a variety of "speeds," indicated by an ASA or ISO number. Slow films with a lower ISO number, such as 100, require more light or longer exposures. Fast film speeds with higher ISO numbers, such as 800, require minimal light, making them ideal for night and low-light photography. Slower films tend to have less grain, making them ideal for enlargements.
Aperture
35mm cameras have adjustable apertures that you can open up or close down to control the amount of light that passes through the lens. This adjustable aperture resembles the mechanism in our own pupils that can shrink or dilate to adjust for changing light conditions. To reduce the amount of light that passes through your camera, you'll want to close down the aperture, selecting a higher f-stop number. To let more light into the camera, you'll want to open the aperture, selecting a lower f-stop number. Bright, sunny days will require a smaller aperture, while evening or low-light conditions will require a wider aperture.
Aperture also affects your image's depth of field. Narrower apertures allow for more depth of field, meaning that more of the image's foreground and background will appear in focus. Wider apertures reduce an image's depth of field, meaning that the subject will appear isolated against a blurry foreground and background. Photographers can use shallow depth of field to their advantage to eliminate distractions and focus the viewer's attention on a subject.
Shutter Speed
You also can control the amount of light reaching your negatives by adjusting the shutter speed. By selecting a fast shutter speed, you minimize the amount of time that light can pass through the camera, and by selecting a slow shutter speed, you allow light to pass through the camera for longer. Select fast shutter speeds, such as 1/250th of a second, to stop motion in sports or wildlife photography. Use a tripod whenever you want to use a shutter speed slower than 1/60th of a second, or else your own unsteady hand will blur the image.
Lenses
You can use a variety of different lenses with a 35mm SLR (single lens reflex) camera. Telephoto lenses, with their long focal lengths, can magnify a subject from a distance. These lenses work well for sports or wildlife photography. Images taken with telephoto lenses tend to have shallow depth of field. Wide-angle lenses, on the other hand, have very short focal lengths, allowing you to include more of a subject in your image. These lenses work well for landscape and cityscape photography. Images taken with wide-angle lenses have wider depth of field. If you don't want to commit to a lens with a single fixed focal length, look for a zoom lens with a wide range for greater flexibility.
Taking pictures with a 35mm film camera can teach you a lot about how photography works. This knowledge and experience will come in handy even if you eventually decide to switch to a digital camera. Learn a few basic rules for 35mm photography before you begin shooting, and then take as many pictures as you can to keep learning from experience.
Basic Principles
The root word "photo" means light, and "graph" means written or writing. Thus, the word "photography" means writing with light. When you press your camera's shutter button to take a picture, the shutter opens inside the camera, allowing light to pass through the lens. Light reflects off of your subject, passes through the lens and exposes the light-sensitive film at the back of the camera, creating a latent image. When you process the film with developer, stop bath and fixer, you reveal the image on the negative and remove any remaining light sensitive silvers. You then can use the negative to make positive images, or prints.
Film Speeds
35mm film comes in a variety of "speeds," indicated by an ASA or ISO number. Slow films with a lower ISO number, such as 100, require more light or longer exposures. Fast film speeds with higher ISO numbers, such as 800, require minimal light, making them ideal for night and low-light photography. Slower films tend to have less grain, making them ideal for enlargements.
Aperture
35mm cameras have adjustable apertures that you can open up or close down to control the amount of light that passes through the lens.
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. This adjustable aperture resembles the mechanism in our own pupils that can shrink or dilate to adjust for changing light conditions. To reduce the amount of light that passes through your camera, you'll want to close down the aperture, selecting a higher f-stop number. To let more light into the camera, you'll want to open the aperture, selecting a lower f-stop number. Bright, sunny days will require a smaller aperture, while evening or low-light conditions will require a wider aperture.Aperture also affects your image's depth of field. Narrower apertures allow for more depth of field, meaning that more of the image's foreground and background will appear in focus. Wider apertures reduce an image's depth of field, meaning that the subject will appear isolated against a blurry foreground and background. Photographers can use shallow depth of field to their advantage to eliminate distractions and focus the viewer's attention on a subject.
Shutter Speed
You also can control the amount of light reaching your negatives by adjusting the shutter speed. By selecting a fast shutter speed, you minimize the amount of time that light can pass through the camera, and by selecting a slow shutter speed, you allow light to pass through the camera for longer. Select fast shutter speeds, such as 1/250th of a second, to stop motion in sports or wildlife photography. Use a tripod whenever you want to use a shutter speed slower than 1/60th of a second, or else your own unsteady hand will blur the image.
Lenses
You can use a variety of different lenses with a 35mm SLR (single lens reflex) camera. Telephoto lenses, with their long focal lengths, can magnify a subject from a distance. These lenses work well for sports or wildlife photography. Images taken with telephoto lenses tend to have shallow depth of field. Wide-angle lenses, on the other hand, have very short focal lengths, allowing you to include more of a subject in your image. These lenses work well for landscape and cityscape photography. Images taken with wide-angle lenses have wider depth of field. If you don't want to commit to a lens with a single fixed focal length, look for a zoom lens with a wide range for greater flexibility.
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