Studio lighting setups can be broken down into two basic sections: lighting position and lighting patterns. The position of the light greatly affects the pattern that is cast on the subject. With an understanding of both, a portrait photographer can adjust his light source to enhance his subject and deliver dramatic effects.
Broad and Short Lighting
An important factor to take into consideration when choosing a lighting pattern is the location of the light source in relation to the subject and camera. The three basic light positions are: broad, short and frontal. Broad and short lighting are used when the subject's face is turned from the camera. The position of the light source is in line with camera. However, the subject's face is not in line with the lighting or camera, thus illuminating the visible broadside of the subject's head. Short lighting finds the light source in line with the front of the subject's face and the camera position in line with the side of the subject's face. This casts light on the short side of the subject's head, generally out of line with the camera.
Frontal Lighting
The frontal lighting position generally stays in line with the camera and light source, both which are in line with the front of the subject's face, thus lighting and photographing the face of the subject. By making minor adjustment to the lighting position, it is capable of casting multiple light patterns on the subject's face, while still maintaining a frontal lighting setup. This setup is often used to light the features of the subject's face in different ways.
Butterfly Lighting
Butterfly lighting is often found in fashion and retro photography. It gets its name from the butterfly-shaped shadow that the pattern casts onto the subject's face, just below the nose. Because of the emphasis this pattern places on the subject's cheekbones, it is best suited to thin-faced subjects. It uses a frontal lighting pattern, meaning the light source is placed in line with the subject's face. The degree of the angle generally ranges between 25 and 75 degrees. The angle should be adjusted so that the butterfly shadow falls below the nose and above the lip.
Loop Lighting
Loop lighting is one of the most-used lighting patterns because of its versatility. With only minor adjustments, the pattern can be adjusted to suit many types of faces. Loop lighting gets its name from the loop-like pattern that it casts on both sides of the subject's nose. By placing the light source above the face and slightly of to the left or right side of the subject, the light is cast across most of the subject's face, making it appear bright while still maintaining depth.
Rembrandt Lighting
Rembrandt lighting is much like loop lighting. However, the light source is placed more to the side and higher above the subject. The result is a heavier shadow on one side of the subject's face, which gives a slightly moodier effect. The lighting pattern was named after the famous painter by the same name because the technique is often found on his subject's faces in his paintings.
Split Lighting
The last of the basic lighting patterns is split lighting. So called because the light splits the subject's face in half with one side of the face illuminated while the other side remains shadowed. Split lighting places the light source at a 90-degree angle of the subject's face, with the camera situated directly in front of the subject. It is most frequently used to thin round or heavy faces.
Studio lighting setups can be broken down into two basic sections: lighting position and lighting patterns. The position of the light greatly affects the pattern that is cast on the subject. With an understanding of both, a portrait photographer can adjust his light source to enhance his subject and deliver dramatic effects.
Broad and Short Lighting
An important factor to take into consideration when choosing a lighting pattern is the location of the light source in relation to the subject and camera. The three basic light positions are: broad, short and frontal. Broad and short lighting are used when the subject's face is turned from the camera. The position of the light source is in line with camera. However, the subject's face is not in line with the lighting or camera, thus illuminating the visible broadside of the subject's head. Short lighting finds the light source in line with the front of the subject's face and the camera position in line with the side of the subject's face. This casts light on the short side of the subject's head, generally out of line with the camera.
Frontal Lighting
The frontal lighting position generally stays in line with the camera and light source, both which are in line with the front of the subject's face, thus lighting and photographing the face of the subject. By making minor adjustment to the lighting position, it is capable of casting multiple light patterns on the subject's face, while still maintaining a frontal lighting setup. This setup is often used to light the features of the subject's face in different ways.
Butterfly Lighting
Butterfly lighting is often found in fashion and retro photography. It gets its name from the butterfly-shaped shadow that the pattern casts onto the subject's face, just below the nose. Because of the emphasis this pattern places on the subject's cheekbones, it is best suited to thin-faced subjects. It uses a frontal lighting pattern, meaning the light source is placed in line with the subject's face. The degree of the angle generally ranges between 25 and 75 degrees. The angle should be adjusted so that the butterfly shadow falls below the nose and above the lip.
Loop Lighting
Loop lighting is one of the most-used lighting patterns because of its versatility. With only minor adjustments, the pattern can be adjusted to suit many types of faces. Loop lighting gets its name from the loop-like pattern that it casts on both sides of the subject's nose. By placing the light source above the face and slightly of to the left or right side of the subject, the light is cast across most of the subject's face, making it appear bright while still maintaining depth.
Rembrandt Lighting
Rembrandt lighting is much like loop lighting. However, the light source is placed more to the side and higher above the subject. The result is a heavier shadow on one side of the subject's face, which gives a slightly moodier effect. The lighting pattern was named after the famous painter by the same name because the technique is often found on his subject's faces in his paintings.
Split Lighting
The last of the basic lighting patterns is split lighting. So called because the light splits the subject's face in half with one side of the face illuminated while the other side remains shadowed. Split lighting places the light source at a 90-degree angle of the subject's face, with the camera situated directly in front of the subject. It is most frequently used to thin round or heavy faces.
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