When setting your camera's aperture, this is no set formula. It depends on your desired outcome for the photograph, and how much light is available. Many cameras offer a semi-automatic function in which you can choose an aperture and the camera selects the necessary corresponding shutter speed. However, the ability to determine the needed aperture through an understanding of exposure is basic knowledge every photographer should have.
Aperture Numbers
Inside the camera, the aperture ring contracts or expands to let in light, much like the pupil of the eye. Aperture numbers are commonly called f-stops. An f-stop of f/2 lets in a large amount of light, whereas an f-stop such as f/32 lets in a small amount of light. There are standard f-stop numbers for film cameras (2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32) and slight variations of these numbers for digital cameras.
Exposure
Aperture combines with shutter speed--the amount of time the shutter is open--to let in a certain amount of light, making a proper exposure. The light meter in your camera helps you determine whether the aperture and shutter speed settings are allowing the perfect amount of light into your camera for a given situation. There are many combinations of aperture and shutter speed that will allow a proper exposure. In an average well lit scene, any aperture setting on your lens may be used, as long as the necessary shutter speed accompanies it.
Relationship to Shutter Speed
The more light that is being allowed into the camera through the aperture, the quicker your shutter speeds can be. A lens that allows for a very wide aperture, such as f/1, is often called a "fast" lens because of the corresponding quick shutter speeds that can be used with it. Conversely, using an aperture setting such as f/32 that lets in very little light will mean a longer shutter speed is necessary to let in the needed light.
Effect on Sharpness
Choosing a wide aperture (smaller number) will create what is called a shallow depth of field. This means while whatever you focus on will be sharp, the remainder of the image will quickly fall out of focus, creating a sometimes-desirable blurry background. "Stopping down" to a smaller aperture (bigger number) ensures that more of your image will be sharply focused.
Relationship to Film Speed
Different film speeds (or selecting an ISO on a digital camera) can allow more flexibility with your aperture choices. The higher the ISO number (such as ISO 1600), the less light the film (or chip) needs, therefore the "faster" it is. Using a faster film speed will allow you to use smaller apertures, which could be advantageous if you need to make an image with a great amount of sharpness.
Effect on Different Lenses
The amount of sharpness that a given aperture will provide varies from lens to lens. Using f/2 with a long lens, such as a 150 mm lens, will provide a much shallower depth of field (less in focus) than if using f/2 on a wide angle lens, such as a 28 mm lens. Some lenses have depth of field scales printed on them that help determine how much of your image will be sharp based on your aperture selection.
When setting your camera's aperture, this is no set formula. It depends on your desired outcome for the photograph, and how much light is available. Many cameras offer a semi-automatic function in which you can choose an aperture and the camera selects the necessary corresponding shutter speed. However, the ability to determine the needed aperture through an understanding of exposure is basic knowledge every photographer should have.
Aperture Numbers
Inside the camera, the aperture ring contracts or expands to let in light, much like the pupil of the eye. Aperture numbers are commonly called f-stops.
Enhance your photography skill,The Top Secret Photography Techniques
. An f-stop of f/2 lets in a large amount of light, whereas an f-stop such as f/32 lets in a small amount of light. There are standard f-stop numbers for film cameras (2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32) and slight variations of these numbers for digital cameras.Exposure
Aperture combines with shutter speed--the amount of time the shutter is open--to let in a certain amount of light, making a proper exposure. The light meter in your camera helps you determine whether the aperture and shutter speed settings are allowing the perfect amount of light into your camera for a given situation. There are many combinations of aperture and shutter speed that will allow a proper exposure. In an average well lit scene, any aperture setting on your lens may be used, as long as the necessary shutter speed accompanies it.
Relationship to Shutter Speed
The more light that is being allowed into the camera through the aperture, the quicker your shutter speeds can be. A lens that allows for a very wide aperture, such as f/1, is often called a "fast" lens because of the corresponding quick shutter speeds that can be used with it. Conversely, using an aperture setting such as f/32 that lets in very little light will mean a longer shutter speed is necessary to let in the needed light.
Effect on Sharpness
Choosing a wide aperture (smaller number) will create what is called a shallow depth of field. This means while whatever you focus on will be sharp, the remainder of the image will quickly fall out of focus, creating a sometimes-desirable blurry background. "Stopping down" to a smaller aperture (bigger number) ensures that more of your image will be sharply focused.
Relationship to Film Speed
Different film speeds (or selecting an ISO on a digital camera) can allow more flexibility with your aperture choices. The higher the ISO number (such as ISO 1600), the less light the film (or chip) needs, therefore the "faster" it is. Using a faster film speed will allow you to use smaller apertures, which could be advantageous if you need to make an image with a great amount of sharpness.
Effect on Different Lenses
The amount of sharpness that a given aperture will provide varies from lens to lens. Using f/2 with a long lens, such as a 150 mm lens, will provide a much shallower depth of field (less in focus) than if using f/2 on a wide angle lens, such as a 28 mm lens. Some lenses have depth of field scales printed on them that help determine how much of your image will be sharp based on your aperture selection.
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