Digitally resizing an image is a common practice today, but comes with many problems. Low-resolution photos will become blocky and jagged as they are made larger, and even high-resolution photos may develop problems like image halos or blurriness. There are dozens of programs and plug-ins for Photoshop that will address this problem. However, there are trade-offs in quality, no matter how good the software.
How the Software Works
All image-resizing software works on the basis of interpolation. The computer takes the data you have given it--the pixels in your picture--and uses that to create new data, that is, different pixels. The computer is making up an image based on what you have told it with your photograph. Each type of software or plug-in uses a different algorithm to interpolate the results, which means each will have different advantages and drawbacks.
Types of Interpolation
Interpolation can be done with any number of mathematical formulas, ranging from simple equations to complexity theory. In general, simple equations are best for images of manufactured surfaces and repeating patterns; the program does not have to make any "guesses" as to changes in the pattern, because there are none. Fractal interpolation is better for natural surfaces and pictures of people. Fractals can better handle subtle changes in lighting and tone.
Common Problems
Each software solution has its drawbacks, but two common problems are blurriness and halos around an image. Both result from the computer creating incorrect data points, or data points that are not specific enough. The halo is the computer "splitting the difference" between the background and the subject of the photo. The blurriness is due to a lack of data--there are not enough pixels in your image for the computer to interpolate anything sharper.
Which Software to Use
Which software you will use depends heavily on your needs. Professional photographers and layout designers will need the interpolation tools provided by Photoshop or similar software, and should test plug-ins for their image-editing software to determine which tool has the right "look" for their images. Fractal interpolation should be their first choice. Hobbyists and casual shooters can go with simpler image resolution tools, which should serve their needs and are more cost effective.
When to Use Image Resolution Software
Image resolution software should be applied whenever an image needs to be resized for professional purposes. It should not be used to attempt to make up for using the wrong format--this software cannot make 35mm film look like a medium-format image. Most professional software can double or triple the size of an image before the image becomes too blurry to use. If the image needs to be larger than that, it should be reshot on a larger format.
Digitally resizing an image is a common practice today, but comes with many problems. Low-resolution photos will become blocky and jagged as they are made larger, and even high-resolution photos may develop problems like image halos or blurriness. There are dozens of programs and plug-ins for Photoshop that will address this problem. However, there are trade-offs in quality, no matter how good the software.
How the Software Works
All image-resizing software works on the basis of interpolation. The computer takes the data you have given it--the pixels in your picture--and uses that to create new data, that is, different pixels. The computer is making up an image based on what you have told it with your photograph. Each type of software or plug-in uses a different algorithm to interpolate the results, which means each will have different advantages and drawbacks.
Types of Interpolation
Interpolation can be done with any number of mathematical formulas, ranging from simple equations to complexity theory. In general, simple equations are best for images of manufactured surfaces and repeating patterns; the program does not have to make any "guesses" as to changes in the pattern, because there are none. Fractal interpolation is better for natural surfaces and pictures of people. Fractals can better handle subtle changes in lighting and tone.
Common Problems
Each software solution has its drawbacks, but two common problems are blurriness and halos around an image. Both result from the computer creating incorrect data points, or data points that are not specific enough. The halo is the computer "splitting the difference" between the background and the subject of the photo. The blurriness is due to a lack of data--there are not enough pixels in your image for the computer to interpolate anything sharper.
Which Software to Use
Which software you will use depends heavily on your needs. Professional photographers and layout designers will need the interpolation tools provided by Photoshop or similar software, and should test plug-ins for their image-editing software to determine which tool has the right "look" for their images. Fractal interpolation should be their first choice. Hobbyists and casual shooters can go with simpler image resolution tools, which should serve their needs and are more cost effective.
When to Use Image Resolution Software
Image resolution software should be applied whenever an image needs to be resized for professional purposes. It should not be used to attempt to make up for using the wrong format--this software cannot make 35mm film look like a medium-format image. Most professional software can double or triple the size of an image before the image becomes too blurry to use. If the image needs to be larger than that, it should be reshot on a larger format.
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