How to Make an 8x10 Pinhole Camera

A camera is nothing more than a box with a hole in it. This is an easy homemade pinhole camera you can make large enough to hold standard 8 x 10 photo paper.

Instructions

Make the Pinhole Camera

1

Spray paint the inside and outside of the box with black paint. This prevents light from reflecting and polluting your photograph. If your box has a lid, paint this too. If it has flaps, be sure to paints all sides, inside and out.

2

On the outside of the box mark the exact center of that side. Cut a 1/2-inch square in the center on that wall.

3

Take the 2-inch square of aluminum foil and make a pin-hole in the exact center. Twist a needle just until the tip goes through the foil. The tinier and cleaner the hole, the crisper and more detailed your photos will be.

4

Place a piece of black tape on either side of the square of aluminum foil and spread a thin layer of glue completely around the outside edges. Be very careful not to cover the hole.

5

From the inside of the box, center the pinhole over the window you cut out earlier and press firmly. Allow to dry completely.

6

Take two strips of thin poster board, about 1/2-inch thick and 4-inches long. On the outside of your camera, place them just above and just below the pinhole. Only glue each end, leaving the center of each strip unattached.

7

Cut another strip of poster board about 1 inch wide and 4 inches long. Bend the top back to create a tab. Slide the bottom end of the strip through the strips you attached in Step 6 to cover the pinhole. You should be able to slide this "shutter" up to reveal the pinhole and then back down to cover it easily without moving the camera.

8

Cut a section of black cloth or plastic and glue one end halfway around the top of your box. Allow it to fold over the back of the camera, covering the lid (or folded top) of your box. This prevents light from leaking into the camera at the top.

9

Always load the camera in a darkroom. Place a piece of double-sided tape on the back of a piece of 8 x 10 black and white photographic paper. Fold back the cloth and remove the lid. Using double-sided tape, tape the paper on the back wall inside your camera, exactly opposite the pinhole "lens." Be sure it will not move when you move the camera around.

Take A Photo With a Pinhole Camera

10

Select your subject and place the camera on a sturdy surface in front of it.

11

Without moving or shaking the camera, slide the "shutter" (the thin strip of poster board) back to reveal the pinhole.

12

After a few seconds, slide the shutter back to cover the pinhole.

13

Take the camera back to the darkroom, remove the 8 x 10 photo paper and place it immediately in developing chemical. When you finish developing the photo, it will be a mirror image of the scene you photographed (or a "negative").

14

To make a "positive" print, place the developed photo upside down over another piece of photo paper and expose it in the darkroom (as your would with normal film). This print will be the exact scene you photographed, not a mirror image.

---

A camera is nothing more than a box with a hole in it. This is an easy homemade pinhole camera you can make large enough to hold standard 8 x 10 photo paper.

Enhance your photography skill,The Top Secret Photography Techniques

.

Instructions

Make the Pinhole Camera

1

Spray paint the inside and outside of the box with black paint. This prevents light from reflecting and polluting your photograph. If your box has a lid, paint this too. If it has flaps, be sure to paints all sides, inside and out.

2

On the outside of the box mark the exact center of that side. Cut a 1/2-inch square in the center on that wall.

3

Take the 2-inch square of aluminum foil and make a pin-hole in the exact center. Twist a needle just until the tip goes through the foil. The tinier and cleaner the hole, the crisper and more detailed your photos will be.

4

Place a piece of black tape on either side of the square of aluminum foil and spread a thin layer of glue completely around the outside edges. Be very careful not to cover the hole.

5

From the inside of the box, center the pinhole over the window you cut out earlier and press firmly. Allow to dry completely.

6

Take two strips of thin poster board, about 1/2-inch thick and 4-inches long. On the outside of your camera, place them just above and just below the pinhole. Only glue each end, leaving the center of each strip unattached.

7

Cut another strip of poster board about 1 inch wide and 4 inches long. Bend the top back to create a tab. Slide the bottom end of the strip through the strips you attached in Step 6 to cover the pinhole. You should be able to slide this "shutter" up to reveal the pinhole and then back down to cover it easily without moving the camera.

8

Cut a section of black cloth or plastic and glue one end halfway around the top of your box. Allow it to fold over the back of the camera, covering the lid (or folded top) of your box. This prevents light from leaking into the camera at the top.

9

Always load the camera in a darkroom. Place a piece of double-sided tape on the back of a piece of 8 x 10 black and white photographic paper. Fold back the cloth and remove the lid. Using double-sided tape, tape the paper on the back wall inside your camera, exactly opposite the pinhole "lens." Be sure it will not move when you move the camera around.

Take A Photo With a Pinhole Camera

10

Select your subject and place the camera on a sturdy surface in front of it.

11

Without moving or shaking the camera, slide the "shutter" (the thin strip of poster board) back to reveal the pinhole.

12

After a few seconds, slide the shutter back to cover the pinhole.

13

Take the camera back to the darkroom, remove the 8 x 10 photo paper and place it immediately in developing chemical. When you finish developing the photo, it will be a mirror image of the scene you photographed (or a "negative").

14

To make a "positive" print, place the developed photo upside down over another piece of photo paper and expose it in the darkroom (as your would with normal film). This print will be the exact scene you photographed, not a mirror image.

---

• 
  

  KODAK: How to Make a Pinhole Camera - Can Or Box

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  When you make a pinhole camera to accept roll or sheet film, use a small, light-tight can or box as the camera body. You can use any can that has a tight-fitting top.

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  How TO MAKE A PINHOLE CAMERA - YouTube

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  How to Make and Use a Pinhole Camera

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10 Golden Rules of Lomography

Lomography is a strong creative and experimental global society that plays with analogue photography. It specializes in casual, snapshot photography and employs such techniques as bluring and over-amplified colors. Lomography has devised a set of 10 golden rules to better instruct its followers in the Lomography philosophy. Understanding these golden rules is essential in capturing what Lomography believes to be the most outstanding photographs.

Lomography History

In the early 1990s, two Austrian students discovered a Russian camera known as the Lomo Kompakt Automat. This begun their quest to find a new style of experimental, unorthodox photography. The message and style quickly spread, as people around the planet begged for Lomo LC-As. A worldwide distribution contract was soon in the works for the little camera. The 10 golden rules were developed along with guiding principals, exhibitions, events and world congresses. New products, films and accessories became rapidly available.

10 Golden Rules

In order to achieve and understand Lomography philosophy, it is advised that the following rules be memorized and recited by heart. These steps will bring you closer to the ideology they wish to propose. Expert Lomography photographers suggest you "throw all your inhibitions about photography to the wind."

1. Take your camera everywhere you go.

You can never plan when a picture perfect opportunity will arise. The best photos come from spontaneous, impulsive, and unpredictable events, so you can never be too prepared.

2. Use it any time -- day and night.

You do not perceive life solely during the day, you are perceiving it at all times of the day, therefore your photographs should reflect that.

3. Lomography is not an interference in your life, but part of it.

Your camera is a part of you. Anything you do, your camera will do. It is no mere hobby, it is an extension of you.

4. Try the shot from the hip.

Don't be confined to the normal viewpoint of the photographer. Shoot from many different angles; you'd be surprised what you are missing.

5. Approach the objects of your Lomographic desire as close as possible.

Your passion and love for a topic or item will shine through your photography. If something feels right, take a picture of it.

6. Don't think.

Your first impressions are often the most beautiful. Over-thinking can bring in boring abstract elements you didn't mean to create.

7. Be fast.

It's important to be as quick as the world around us. Don't hesitate, just shoot.

8. You don't have to know beforehand what you captured on film.

Different and unexpected situations are a Lomographer's best friend. Don't worry about what you are capturing, thrive in the unpredictability.

9. You don't have to know afterwards either.

Don't try to analyze your photographs with a generic perspective. You are trying something new; look at them differently, and understand them differently.

10. Don't worry about any rules.

Listen to yourself, and follow whatever rules you find to be true. Follow your ultimate dreams and desires.

And so you have it. These rules summarize the Lomography philosophy, and once mastered, allows you to join in the movement.

The Lomography Mission

Lomography is devoted to becoming an international socio-cultural movement, using photography as an outlet of creativity. Adherents wish to capture the world, all the while experimenting with creative visual expression. The focus is to capture the unique, while furthering interest in analogue photography.

---

Lomography is a strong creative and experimental global society that plays with analogue photography. It specializes in casual, snapshot photography and employs such techniques as bluring and over-amplified colors. Lomography has devised a set of 10 golden rules to better instruct its followers in the Lomography philosophy. Understanding these golden rules is essential in capturing what Lomography believes to be the most outstanding photographs.

Lomography History

In the early 1990s, two Austrian students discovered a Russian camera known as the Lomo Kompakt Automat. This begun their quest to find a new style of experimental, unorthodox photography. The message and style quickly spread, as people around the planet begged for Lomo LC-As. A worldwide distribution contract was soon in the works for the little camera. The 10 golden rules were developed along with guiding principals, exhibitions, events and world congresses. New products, films and accessories became rapidly available.

10 Golden Rules

In order to achieve and understand Lomography philosophy, it is advised that the following rules be memorized and recited by heart. These steps will bring you closer to the ideology they wish to propose. Expert Lomography photographers suggest you "throw all your inhibitions about photography to the wind."

1. Take your camera everywhere you go.

You can never plan when a picture perfect opportunity will arise. The best photos come from spontaneous, impulsive, and unpredictable events, so you can never be too prepared.

2. Use it any time -- day and night.

You do not perceive life solely during the day, you are perceiving it at all times of the day, therefore your photographs should reflect that.

3. Lomography is not an interference in your life, but part of it.

Your camera is a part of you. Anything you do, your camera will do. It is no mere hobby, it is an extension of you.

4. Try the shot from the hip.

Don't be confined to the normal viewpoint of the photographer. Shoot from many different angles; you'd be surprised what you are missing.

5. Approach the objects of your Lomographic desire as close as possible.

Your passion and love for a topic or item will shine through your photography. If something feels right, take a picture of it.

6. Don't think.

Your first impressions are often the most beautiful. Over-thinking can bring in boring abstract elements you didn't mean to create.

7. Be fast.

It's important to be as quick as the world around us. Don't hesitate, just shoot.

8. You don't have to know beforehand what you captured on film.

Different and unexpected situations are a Lomographer's best friend. Don't worry about what you are capturing, thrive in the unpredictability.

9. You don't have to know afterwards either.

Don't try to analyze your photographs with a generic perspective. You are trying something new; look at them differently, and understand them differently.

10. Don't worry about any rules.

Listen to yourself, and follow whatever rules you find to be true. Follow your ultimate dreams and desires.

And so you have it. These rules summarize the Lomography philosophy, and once mastered, allows you to join in the movement.

The Lomography Mission

Lomography is devoted to becoming an international socio-cultural movement, using photography as an outlet of creativity. Adherents wish to capture the world, all the while experimenting with creative visual expression. The focus is to capture the unique, while furthering interest in analogue photography.

---

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  Versions of the Golden Rule in 21 world religions

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How to Correct an Underexposed Shot in Color

We have all had a treasured digital photo turn out to be a bad-looking shot. A common ailment of digital color photos is underexposure. This occurs when there is not enough light source to properly light the photograph's subject. A typical underexposed photo will look very dark and lack details. Fortunately, digital images that suffer underexposure can be corrected with the aid of Adobe Photoshop.

Instructions

1

Open the photo in Photoshop. Click on the "Layer" menu at the top and select "Duplicate Layer."

2

Click on the drop-down box in the right-hand window of the "Layers" palette. The box will say "Normal" by default. Select "Screen" from the drop-down menu.

3

Adjust the opacity of the new layer. Click the arrow beside the word "Opacity" in the "Layers" palette. Click the arrow and adjust the slider left or right. Note the lightening and darkening of your photo as you move the slider. Adjust until the desired effect is created.

4

Repeat the process if necessary. Make several duplicate layers for extremely underexposed images until your photo is light enough.

5

Combine the new layers into one image. Click the "Layers" menu at the top of the screen and select "Flatten Image" near the bottom of the drop-down menu.

6

Click the "File" menu and select "Save" or "Save As." Name the file and choose the folder or location where you want to save it. Click the "Save" or "Save As" button when finished.

---

We have all had a treasured digital photo turn out to be a bad-looking shot. A common ailment of digital color photos is underexposure. This occurs when there is not enough light source to properly light the photograph's subject. A typical underexposed photo will look very dark and lack details. Fortunately, digital images that suffer underexposure can be corrected with the aid of Adobe Photoshop.

Instructions

1

Open the photo in Photoshop. Click on the "Layer" menu at the top and select "Duplicate Layer."

2

Click on the drop-down box in the right-hand window of the "Layers" palette. The box will say "Normal" by default. Select "Screen" from the drop-down menu.

3

Adjust the opacity of the new layer. Click the arrow beside the word "Opacity" in the "Layers" palette. Click the arrow and adjust the slider left or right. Note the lightening and darkening of your photo as you move the slider. Adjust until the desired effect is created.

4

Repeat the process if necessary. Make several duplicate layers for extremely underexposed images until your photo is light enough.

5

Combine the new layers into one image. Click the "Layers" menu at the top of the screen and select "Flatten Image" near the bottom of the drop-down menu.

6

Click the "File" menu and select "Save" or "Save As." Name the file and choose the folder or location where you want to save it. Click the "Save" or "Save As" button when finished.

---

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How to Spot Touch Ups on a Photographer's Picture

Photographers often touch up their photos to improve the look of a photo. For example, a photographer or touch up expert might remove blemishes, remove unwanted objects in the photo, alter body parts, move the location of facial features, and/or change the colors. Touched up pictures can also be known as "photoshopped," as Adobe Photoshop is often the software program used to create touch ups.

Instructions

1

Determine where the lighting is coming from. Lighting can only come from one direction. If a picture has been touched up by combining other photos together you can spot this from the lighting. Look at one person in the picture and figure out where the light is coming from. Look at the next person in the photo. If the direction that the light is coming from is different for one or more people, the photo is most likely touched up.

2

Look at the skin of the model in the picture. Often you will be able to tell that the skin is far too smooth to be real. Sometimes you can even spot the differences between untouched up skin and touched up skin on the same photo. Photographers want to do as little touching up as possible so it is less noticeable. You might see that the model has blemishes on one cheek but not the other. If the skin looks too smooth it has probably been touched up.

3

See if the picture is too symmetrical. Sometimes a photographer will move the eyes to make them more symmetrical. If one eye is more open than the other, the one the photographer likes better can be selected, copied, pasted and reversed. Then it is placed where the other eye was. After that, the model will have perfectly symmetrical eyes.

4

Spot cloning in a picture. If something is removed from a photo the photographer will touch up that area by cloning whatever image is already there. For example, if there is a photo of two people biking on a trail with trees behind them and one person is removed, the photographer will copy a tree and paste it as many times as necessary to cover up where the other person was. This is known as cloning.

5

Look for odd brightness. Pictures really aren't all that bright. If the colors in the photo appear too bright then it has probably been touched up. A photographer can brighten up anything: hair color, clothing color, jewelry color, lighting and eye color.

6

Look for an absurd amount of hair on the model. In a picture, a photographer can add hair by using the cloning method. If a model looks like she has more hair than is naturally possible, the picture has probably been touched up.

---

Photographers often touch up their photos to improve the look of a photo. For example, a photographer or touch up expert might remove blemishes, remove unwanted objects in the photo, alter body parts, move the location of facial features, and/or change the colors. Touched up pictures can also be known as "photoshopped," as Adobe Photoshop is often the software program used to create touch ups.

Instructions

1

Determine where the lighting is coming from. Lighting can only come from one direction. If a picture has been touched up by combining other photos together you can spot this from the lighting.

Enhance your photography skill,The Top Secret Photography Techniques

. Look at one person in the picture and figure out where the light is coming from. Look at the next person in the photo. If the direction that the light is coming from is different for one or more people, the photo is most likely touched up.
2

Look at the skin of the model in the picture. Often you will be able to tell that the skin is far too smooth to be real. Sometimes you can even spot the differences between untouched up skin and touched up skin on the same photo. Photographers want to do as little touching up as possible so it is less noticeable. You might see that the model has blemishes on one cheek but not the other. If the skin looks too smooth it has probably been touched up.

3

See if the picture is too symmetrical. Sometimes a photographer will move the eyes to make them more symmetrical. If one eye is more open than the other, the one the photographer likes better can be selected, copied, pasted and reversed. Then it is placed where the other eye was. After that, the model will have perfectly symmetrical eyes.

4

Spot cloning in a picture. If something is removed from a photo the photographer will touch up that area by cloning whatever image is already there. For example, if there is a photo of two people biking on a trail with trees behind them and one person is removed, the photographer will copy a tree and paste it as many times as necessary to cover up where the other person was. This is known as cloning.

5

Look for odd brightness. Pictures really aren't all that bright. If the colors in the photo appear too bright then it has probably been touched up. A photographer can brighten up anything: hair color, clothing color, jewelry color, lighting and eye color.

6

Look for an absurd amount of hair on the model. In a picture, a photographer can add hair by using the cloning method. If a model looks like she has more hair than is naturally possible, the picture has probably been touched up.

---

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  Fifty Shades Darker Read Online Chapter 2 Fifty Shades Of

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