Cross processing film is a technique of developing one type of film in chemicals other than what it was designed for. The result is experimental and unpredictable, which runs along the same "shoot from the hip" motto of the Lomography camera, the family of cameras that the Holga belongs to. Although there is a certain method for cross processing film, the results will depend on the colors and contrast of the original image, and laboratory where the film is developed.
Contrast
Cross processing images from a Holga almost always results in increased contrast. Dark areas become darker, almost black, while light areas pop out even more. This effect can be controlled slightly when cross processing Holga images. "Pulling" film, or underdeveloping the film, is the most common way to control over-exposed (high-contrast) images because it takes the edge off the very light and very dark areas. The opposite to pulling film is "pushing" it, which increases the contrast.
E6-C41
The most common way to cross process film, called E6-C41, refers to the process of developing slide film, and processing it in color negative chemicals. Negative chemicals are those solutions used to develop regular 35mm and 120mm film. Most Holgas are medium-format cameras (120mm film), though some are small-format (35mm). The result is high contrast with solid blacks and big, punchy colors.
C41-E6
C41-E6 is exactly the opposite of E6-C41. It refers to taking images with color negative film and developing the film in slide chemicals. The colors are neutralized and the contrast is muted, so it's common to push the film about one or two f-stops (an exposure value). Holga cameras have a tendency to shoot softer images than a typical small- or medium-format SLR, so as you can imagine the C41-E6 process with intensify those characteristics. The effect can be a dreamy, almost painterly image.
E6/C41-B&W
The final process is E6/C41-B&W. To accomplish this type of cross processing, a photographer will use either slide or negative film and process the film in chemicals made for black and white images. The final images are black and white negatives. Holgas often create vignettes and light streaks across their images. Vignettes, which are regularly processed as black edges around the image, will become white. Light streaks, which are white and red on regular images, will become black and gray on E6/C41-B&W processed images.
Cross processing film is a technique of developing one type of film in chemicals other than what it was designed for. The result is experimental and unpredictable, which runs along the same "shoot from the hip" motto of the Lomography camera, the family of cameras that the Holga belongs to. Although there is a certain method for cross processing film, the results will depend on the colors and contrast of the original image, and laboratory where the film is developed.
Contrast
Cross processing images from a Holga almost always results in increased contrast. Dark areas become darker, almost black, while light areas pop out even more. This effect can be controlled slightly when cross processing Holga images. "Pulling" film, or underdeveloping the film, is the most common way to control over-exposed (high-contrast) images because it takes the edge off the very light and very dark areas. The opposite to pulling film is "pushing" it, which increases the contrast.
E6-C41
The most common way to cross process film, called E6-C41, refers to the process of developing slide film, and processing it in color negative chemicals. Negative chemicals are those solutions used to develop regular 35mm and 120mm film. Most Holgas are medium-format cameras (120mm film), though some are small-format (35mm). The result is high contrast with solid blacks and big, punchy colors.
C41-E6
C41-E6 is exactly the opposite of E6-C41. It refers to taking images with color negative film and developing the film in slide chemicals. The colors are neutralized and the contrast is muted, so it's common to push the film about one or two f-stops (an exposure value). Holga cameras have a tendency to shoot softer images than a typical small- or medium-format SLR, so as you can imagine the C41-E6 process with intensify those characteristics. The effect can be a dreamy, almost painterly image.
E6/C41-B&W
The final process is E6/C41-B&W. To accomplish this type of cross processing, a photographer will use either slide or negative film and process the film in chemicals made for black and white images. The final images are black and white negatives. Holgas often create vignettes and light streaks across their images. Vignettes, which are regularly processed as black edges around the image, will become white. Light streaks, which are white and red on regular images, will become black and gray on E6/C41-B&W processed images.
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