When you're making a pinhole camera, it's important to know the pinhole's diameter. This will help you determine the focal length. You don't have to be perfectly accurate, you just need to have a good idea of of the pinhole you've made. You can make a rough assessment of the size of the pinhole using a strong magnifier such as a jeweler's loupe and a ruler. A more accurate method is to use a flatbed image scanner and an image editing program.
Instructions
Making the Pinhole
- 1
Lay the ruler diagonally from corner to corner on the square of sheet metal and draw a line using the permanent marker. Repeat on the other diagonal, making a cross. The center of the cross marks the center of the metal.
2Place the square of metal on the scrap wood, holding it down by the edges. Strike the center of the metal lightly with the ball-peen hammer, raising a small dome.
3Rub the domed area on the sandpaper. You are aiming to thin it slightly, not sand all the way through. Keep checking the surface of the dome. When you've made a slightly flat area on top of the dome, hold the metal up to the light to check you haven't sanded through the metal.
4Hold the sewing needle by its sides. Gently press it against the center of the inside of the dome. Do not push the needle through the metal -- you are trying to raise a tiny bump on the top of the dome. Turn the metal over and look to see if the needle has raised a bump. If not, sand the top of the dome a little more, then test with the needle again. Make sure you position the needle in the same place as before -- there will probably be a small mark. Repeat until you can raise a bump in the thinnest part of the metal.
5Stroke the sandpaper across the top of the small bump, making one or two gentle passes. Do not press too hard. Lay the metal domed-side down on the pad of paper or book. Gently press the point of the needle into the mark from before. Hold the metal up to the light again; you may already be able to see a point of light. If not, press the needle into the bump again and test again. Keep doing this until you can see a tiny pinprick of light. Do not press the needle all the way through the hole -- just the tip.
Scanning and Measuring the Pinhole
- 6
Turn on the computer and the scanner. Lay the metal square on the bed of the scanner. Scan the metal; you may need to press the "scan" button or your scanner may be operated from the computer. Save the scanned image.
7Launch your image manipulation software and open the scanned image of the metal. Zoom in on the pinhole. If your software has a ruler tool, you can use this to measure the hole. If not, you may be able to use the "select" tool: draw a square around the exact edge of the pinhole, then bring up the information on the selected area. This should include the measurements of the hole in inches or millimeters. You can also use the number of pixels to measure the size of the pinhole: divide the number of pixels across the pinhole by the dots per inch in the scan (9,600 dots per inch -- dpi -- is a typical figure). The result is the diameter in fractions of an inch.
8Compare the size of the pinhole to the desired diameter. If your pinhole is too small, enlarge it by twirling the needle's point in the hole and check the diameter again. If it is too large, it's a good idea to mark the diameter on the metal with a permanent marker and set the metal aside; if you intend to make more cameras, you may want a pinhole with a similar diameter in future.
When you're making a pinhole camera, it's important to know the pinhole's diameter. This will help you determine the focal length. You don't have to be perfectly accurate, you just need to have a good idea of of the pinhole you've made. You can make a rough assessment of the size of the pinhole using a strong magnifier such as a jeweler's loupe and a ruler. A more accurate method is to use a flatbed image scanner and an image editing program.
Instructions
Making the Pinhole
- 1
Lay the ruler diagonally from corner to corner on the square of sheet metal and draw a line using the permanent marker. Repeat on the other diagonal, making a cross. The center of the cross marks the center of the metal.
2Place the square of metal on the scrap wood, holding it down by the edges. Strike the center of the metal lightly with the ball-peen hammer, raising a small dome.
3Rub the domed area on the sandpaper. You are aiming to thin it slightly, not sand all the way through. Keep checking the surface of the dome. When you've made a slightly flat area on top of the dome, hold the metal up to the light to check you haven't sanded through the metal.
4Hold the sewing needle by its sides. Gently press it against the center of the inside of the dome. Do not push the needle through the metal -- you are trying to raise a tiny bump on the top of the dome. Turn the metal over and look to see if the needle has raised a bump. If not, sand the top of the dome a little more, then test with the needle again. Make sure you position the needle in the same place as before -- there will probably be a small mark. Repeat until you can raise a bump in the thinnest part of the metal.
5Stroke the sandpaper across the top of the small bump, making one or two gentle passes. Do not press too hard. Lay the metal domed-side down on the pad of paper or book. Gently press the point of the needle into the mark from before. Hold the metal up to the light again; you may already be able to see a point of light. If not, press the needle into the bump again and test again. Keep doing this until you can see a tiny pinprick of light. Do not press the needle all the way through the hole -- just the tip.
Scanning and Measuring the Pinhole
- 6
Turn on the computer and the scanner. Lay the metal square on the bed of the scanner. Scan the metal; you may need to press the "scan" button or your scanner may be operated from the computer. Save the scanned image.
7Launch your image manipulation software and open the scanned image of the metal. Zoom in on the pinhole. If your software has a ruler tool, you can use this to measure the hole. If not, you may be able to use the "select" tool: draw a square around the exact edge of the pinhole, then bring up the information on the selected area. This should include the measurements of the hole in inches or millimeters. You can also use the number of pixels to measure the size of the pinhole: divide the number of pixels across the pinhole by the dots per inch in the scan (9,600 dots per inch -- dpi -- is a typical figure). The result is the diameter in fractions of an inch.
8Compare the size of the pinhole to the desired diameter. If your pinhole is too small, enlarge it by twirling the needle's point in the hole and check the diameter again. If it is too large, it's a good idea to mark the diameter on the metal with a permanent marker and set the metal aside; if you intend to make more cameras, you may want a pinhole with a similar diameter in future.
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